Lower the college tuition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lower the school educational cost - Essay Example Since instruction depends on the goals of chance for all and higher individual headway, expanded educational cost costs ruin the guarantee of training and make it just accessible to the first class citizenry. Training should be meritocratic in nature and that implies that individuals are acknowledged into colleges and universities over this nation dependent on their capacities and not the abundance of their folks. Instruction is the manner by which individuals get through social obstructions like class and benefit. Is it genuine that training is merit-based? Is it genuine that America’s thoughts regarding advanced education depend on the idea that it permits individuals to propel, progress and push ahead throughout everyday life? An essential thought behind the human science of training is that it advances more prominent fairness and depends on legitimacy and equivalent open door for all. The extension of training in the previous 200 years in the United States is an inconceivable development which has assumed expanded social balance and made society a superior spot. Short of what one hundred years back, the instructive organizations of this nation were shut to ladies, ethnic minori ties, for example, African-Americans and an entire pack of other social gatherings. Is stunning that while quite a while prior instructive open doors were denied to over half of the populace, today training should be accessible to all. Training should advance social balance and when educational cost is high and far off for some understudies, it advances division dependent on social class and confines the open doors for some certified understudies (Conley, 59-72). Taking a gander at the open doors related with advanced education, scholastics Persell and Cookson examined instruction and benefit. They established that through instruction â€Å"the transmission of benefit is integral to the generation of an

Environmental Class Project Lab

These social documentations may be supported in less created nations uncovering the coo section to increasingly present day societies or the conveyance of and training on anti-conception medication choices. 3. Early, center, and late segment progress map the ideas of first, SE Condo, and underdeveloped nations in light of the fact that early nations are typically third world and late tally rye's first. 4. The most evolved nations have shapes that are increasingly similar to squares and the e least created nations have more extreme triangular shapes. 5.If a nation has a more extreme triangular shape than there are more youngsters the n those in a mind-blowing ‘prime' can deal with, making the personal satisfaction go down. 6. The Use's segment design around 1 00 years prior would be like thou SE nations in the Mechanization of Agriculture/mediation like Mexico or Nigeria. 7 . China would be in the presidential Age in light of the fact that their change happened moor e quickly. C omponents that speedy ladies to have barely any youngsters further down the road incorporate the ascent I n conception prevention and social equality.Lesson 2 Responses to Questions: 1 . Populace force is a significant factor to consider when contemplating the socioeconomics Of a nation. The shape changes from being a lofty triangle to being for the most part mass snap during all the ages after the change if a less evolved nation is given the birth pace of a progressively evolved nation. This is on the grounds that the birth rates are from a more demographer hectically stable nation, making the shape look increasingly steady. In view of populace image mount. The change keeps on influencing the shape in ensuing generations.When the normal c slope bearing age is expanded, the populace diminished in light of the fact that when ladies begin having angel sometime down the road, they have less time to have sound kids. Then again, when the age is decline d, the populace expanded, as ladies have more opportunity to have youngsters. â€Å"First world† nation's will in general have more established childbearing ladies do to the social variables of social sex equity and anti-conception medication. 2. The outcomes from Italy were not what anticipated. I thought the progressions charm old greaterly affect birth rate than they. This is most likely on the grounds that the populace pry in the midst of Italy is more steady than that of Nigeria.Monetary motivating forces to representatives who have extreme kids would energize more labor in Italy. 3. The legislature should do this on the grounds that their introduction to the world rates are order sing. This would influence their socioeconomics in light of the fact that a time of increased birth rates would make Italy's pyramid s more profound. Exercise 3 1 . Another factor that might be investigated while considering the socioeconomics o f a nation is the means by which they change when the birth and date rate are change d. 2. My forecast of how much the birth rate would need to be brought down and ho w much the passing rate would need to go up to give Egypt a 0% populace development in 2050 ere unreasonably low.To make my expectation, I thought about Egypt populace development rate in 205 O, birth rate, and demise rate to different nations and afterward attempted to check how much the birth rate would need to diminish and the passing rate increment to accomplish a 0% development rate. At that point a balanced the qualities dependent on the outcomes. So as to accomplish a zero development rate, Egypt would need to either bring down the birth rate or increment the passing rate. Clearly, diminishing the birth rate I s the consistent decision as there are moral ramifications of falsely expanding the demise rate. Be that as it may, the Egyptian government would likewise confront moral discussions on deck reassign the birth rate on the off chance that they attempted to authorize laws against having a spe cific number of kids. Egg yap would need to change more than the Mexico and much more than the LIST to accomplish a 0% p populace increment in 2050 on the grounds that it is further from having a 0% populace development UN deer current conditions. 4. Mexico has a higher birth rate and a lower demise rate than the United State s. This is most likely in light of the fact that the United States is further along in the change than Mix ICC is.

How Alcohol Can Impair the Bodys Hormone System

How Alcohol Can Impair the Body's Hormone System Addiction Alcohol Use Print How Alcohol Can Impair the Bodys Hormone System By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 14, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 07, 2019 Yoshiyoshi Hirokawa / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery The bodys hormones work together in a finely coordinated and complex system to keep us healthy and functioning. Alcohol can interfere with the operation of the hormone system and cause serious medical consequences. Hormones act as chemical messengers to control and coordinate the functions of the bodys tissues and organs. When the hormone system is working properly, the exact amount of hormone is released at exactly the right time and the tissues of the body accurately respond to those messages. Drinking alcohol can impair the functions of the glands that release hormones and the functions of the tissues targeted by the hormones, which can result in medical problems. When alcohol impairs the hormone systems ability to work properly, it can disrupt these major bodily functions:?? Production, utilization, and storage of energyReproductionMaintenance of blood pressure and bone massGrowth and development By interfering with the hormone system, alcohol can affect blood sugar levels, impair reproductive functions, interfere with calcium metabolism and bone structure, affect hunger and digestion, and increase the risk of osteoporosis. How Alcohol Impairs Regulation of Blood Sugar Levels The main energy source for all body tissues is sugar glucose. The body gets glucose from food, from synthesis in the body, and from the breakdown of glycogen which is stored in the liver. The bodys blood sugar levels are controlled by insulin and glucagon, hormones secreted by the pancreas. They work together to maintain a constant concentration of glucose in the blood. Insulin lowers glucose levels, while glucagon raises it. Other hormones from the adrenal glands and the pituitary gland back up the function of glucagon to make sure the bodys glucose level doesnt fall low enough to cause fainting, passing out or even brain damage. Alcohol Interferes With Glucose Levels Alcohol interferes with all three sources of glucose and interferes with the hormones that regulate glucose levels. There are many ways alcohol consumption affects the bodys glucose levels:?? Limits intake of glucose by not eating properly when drinking.Inhibits glucose production while alcohol is being metabolized.Augments insulin secretion, causing temporary hypoglycemia.Impairs the hormonal response to hypoglycemia with heavy consumption. How Chronic Heavy Drinking Increases Glucose Chronic heavy drinking, on the other hand, can increase the bodys glucose levels. Alcohol can:?? Reduce the bodys responsiveness to insulin.Cause glucose intolerance.Increase secretion of glucagon and other hormones that raise glucose levels.Alter the effectiveness of medications for diabetes.Cause both hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes in alcoholics.Lower survival rates for alcoholics with diabetes. A review published in 2015 reported that chronic heavy drinking can cause glucose intolerance in healthy people.?? How Alcohol Impairs Reproductive Functions There are many hormones in the body that regulate the reproductive system. The two main hormonesâ€"androgens (e.g. testosterone) and estrogens (e.g. estradiol)â€"are synthesized in the testes and ovaries. These hormones affect various reproductive functions. In men, they are responsible for: Sexual maturationSperm development and therefore fertilityAspects of male sexual behavior In women, hormones perform many functions: Development of secondary sexual characteristicsBreast developmentDistribution of body hairRegulate the menstrual cycleHelp maintain pregnancy Chronic drinking can interfere with all of these functions. Alcohol can impair the adequate functioning of the testes and ovaries and result in hormonal deficiencies, sexual dysfunction, and infertility.?? Some of the problems that alcohol consumption can cause by interfering with the male hormonal system include:?? Reduced testosterone levelsMale breast enlargementAltered normal sperm structureImpaired sexual and reproductive functions In premenopausal women, chronic heavy drinking contributes to many reproductive disorders, including:?? Cessation of menstruationIrregular menstrual cyclesMenstrual cycles without ovulationEarly menopauseRisk of spontaneous abortions Although most of the above reproductive problems were found in women who were alcoholics, some were also found in women considered social drinkers. How Alcohol Impairs Calcium Metabolism and Bone Structure Hormones play an important role in maintaining calcium levels in the body, which is necessary not only for strong bones and teeth but also for communication between and within cells of the body. Several hormonesâ€"parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D-derived hormones, and calcitoninâ€"work to regulate calcium absorption, excretion, and distribution between bones and body fluids. Acute alcohol consumption can interfere with these hormones and therefore calcium and bone metabolism in several ways:?? Cause PTH deficiency and increase calcium excretionDisturb vitamin D metabolismLimit adequate absorption of dietary calciumInhibit activity of bone-forming cellsAdversely affect bone metabolism via nutritional deficienciesAlter reproductive hormones, affecting bone metabolism All of these can cause calcium deficiency which can lead to bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, a loss of bone mass and therefore an increased risk of fractures. This is a serious health threat for alcoholics due to the greater risks of falls and therefore fractured or broken bones. The good news is studies have found that alcohols effect on bone metabolism and bone-forming cells are at least partially reversible when alcoholics stop drinking.?? Alcohol Increases Cortisol Levels Researchers have found that alcohol consumption also increases the bodys production of cortisol, not only while the person is drinking, but also later when the drinker is withdrawing from the effects of intoxication.?? In the short-term, cortisol can increase blood pressure, focus alertness and attention, but in the longer term can adversely impact body functions such as bone growth, digestion, reproduction, and wound repair. Hormones May Influence Alcohol-Seeking Behavior Research with laboratory animals has revealed that alcohol can affect hormonal pathways that can influence alcohol-seeking behavior. Scientists believe that alcohol-seeking behavior is regulated in part by the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal axis.??

Redemption is a capacity that both Amir from the...

Redemption is a capacity that both Amir from the remarkable novel Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseni along with Walt Kalwoski the main character of the unforgettable movie Gran Tornio, directed by Clint Eastwood, withhold. Both Walt and Amir were collided with life changing events that later shaped the individuals they are today. Nevertheless, throughout both stories, the protagonists are faced with opportunities to redeem themselves, often at the risk of hurting their loved ones more than they already have. â€Å"There is a reason for everything† and in Walt and Amirs case that saying is quite evident. Walt and Amir are two completely divergent characters with opposite personalities. However, this doesn’t interfere with the fact that both†¦show more content†¦Soon, he meets a nice Hmong family that later had conflicts of its own. Walt Kowalski had served in the Korean War and had killed a Korean boy.. Walt Kowalski has nothing not regret and bitter memorie s of this horrific event. Both the narrators are seeking a form of salvation, Amir’s journey to redemption has its few differences from Walt’s path. In the beginning of Kite Runner, the tension between Amir and Baba is quite visible. Amir believes that Baba hates him because of the fact that Amir’s mother passed away giving birth to him. Therefore, Amir does as much as he can to get Baba to â€Å"stop hating him.† Amir is determined to redeem himself to Baba’s. Amir goes out of his way and makes winning the Kite tournament is ultimate goal to gain Baba’s love, attention along with redemption. â€Å"But all I heard-all I willed myself to hear- was the blue kite. All I smelled was victory, Salvation. Redemption. If Baba was wrong and there was a God like they said in school, then he’d let me win. I didn’t know what the other guy was playing for, maybe just bragging rights. But this was my one chance to become someone who was looked at, not seen, listene d to, not heard.(Hosseini page 69) In other words, Amir attempts to use the victory of the Kite tournament as a way to fix his relationship with Baba. This is awfully similar to Walt’s situation. At the Lor BBQ in Gran Tornio, Youa gets curious as

Analysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth - 829 Words

Malavika Madan English 10 May 12, 2016 Macbeth Essay Macbeth, by William Shakespeare is a tragedy that happens At the very beginning of the play, Lady Macbeth is provoked by the letter she receives by Macbeth and starts plotting the murder of Duncan. She also wishes she were a man such that she could commit the murder all by herself saying so in Act 1 Scene 5, â€Å"Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty† (Macbeth 1.5.36-52). She appeals to these spirits to remove all aspects of her femininity and seeks to gain power through the prophecy of the witches. Her fear about the ability of her husband to commit the murder is subdued in her designated gender. Lady Macbeth manages her feminine power through her sensuality and pretended weakness through her fainting streak at the notice of Duncan’s death. Manipulation, usually through sexuality is often depicted as the source of women’s power still Lady Macbeth uses this power of hers to commit murder, a masculine demonstration of power. Lady M acbeth in her soliloquy about the planning of Duncan’s death refers to her husband as an individual who plays honestly and does not engage in wrongdoing. â€Å"What thou wouldst highly That wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false, And yet wouldst wrongly win.† Lady Macbeth’s role shows the audience a reflection of Macbeth’s attitude and character, especially that he was honest and loyal towards his kingdom.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1785 Words   |  8 PagesScotland! A man has a great ordeal on his hands. Some might say that Macbeth has a second chance or a life long dream that could change his future forever. Deep in the heart of Birnam forest, a castle sits upon Dunsinane Hill, with a man made foundation built from paved bricks that have housed the many Kings that have ruled this Kingdom. Macbeth hears a prophecy from three evil and dilapidated witches foretelling his future. Macbeth, terrified yet surprised, is unsure of his morals and is battling betweenRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Macbeth By William Shakespeare1351 Words   |  6 PagesKnown for his tragedy, intrig ue, comedy, and romance, Shakespeare extends his boundary of prowess in the play Macbeth. The irony present in the play, the double-meaning of the characters’ actions, and the complexity of setting all contribute to a thrilling story of murder and looking beyond the superficial. Dramatic, situational, and verbal irony greatly contribute to the theme of things are not what they seem in Macbeth text and film. Shakespeare uses the contrast in irony to convey this in the character’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Macbeth By William Shakespeare1236 Words   |  5 Pagesit. This idea of equivocation is abundant in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth. In Macbeth, Shakespeare exposes literary devices such as illustrative imagery, sarcastic similes, and dubious diction to unveil one of his many themes: Things are not always what they seem. Shakespeare beautifully illustrates this fact through the duplicity of Macbeth, his wife, the three suspicious witches, and king Dunca n . Starting the play, Macbeth is a very much regarded saint who seems, by all accounts, to be an incredibleRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Macbeth By William Shakespeare2081 Words   |  9 PagesShakespeare Essay Shakespeare uses language in his literary creations as a technique to enrich the ideas of his works. In his play Macbeth, Shakespeare uses metaphor as a useful way to enhance language and construct the overall idea. Macbeth revolves around the prospect of ‘power,’ and also focuses on what one is willing to do in order to gain power, and also to maintain it. Throughout the novel, Shakespeare uses metaphors and comparative techniques that link together to develop theRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1668 Words   |  7 Pagesthe meaning of a story. When we first studied Macbeth, I thought that the word â€Å"hand† would be used in a strictly literal manner. Instead, I discovered that through the play the term embodied a rather dark connotation and symbolized Macbeth’s submission to evil instead of the literal meaning. As early as act one, Macbeth prevents â€Å"the eye† from winking at â€Å"the hand† because à ¢â‚¬Å"the eye fears, when it is done, to see† (Shakespeare 1.4.335-336). Macbeth lusts for the throne, but in order to retrieveRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1169 Words   |  5 Pagesentertainment. Syfy has been around a lot longer than the 21st century though. William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth uses instances of the supernatural to make the main character Macbeth act unorthodoxly, to disquiet and to make him sanguine, by using witches and apparitions. The three witches make Macbeth lean towards acting unlike himself by convincing him that he will become the Thane of Cawdor and the King of Scotland. When Macbeth does indeed become Thane of Cawdor, he believes that he will become theRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1149 Words   |  5 Pagesplaywright, William Shakespeare remains to this very day a man with a past shrouded in mystery. Very few documents provide historians insight on his personal life. In fact, the record of Shakespeare in his earliest years is limited to a mere baptismal record that reveals his birth date to be around April 26, 1564. Fifty-two years later from that day, Shakespeare would be interred at Trinity Church. Born near London in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon as the third child to John Shakespeare, the localRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth1451 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in the early 1600’s. Macbeth was written during a time of polit ical unrest in the Jacobean era, political context is a strong theme of the play. It seems that politics have not changed much over the centuries. Although politicians may not be murdering each other for their chance at the throne, the majority are corrupt and committing felonies to get to and stay in a position of power. Political corruption today facilitates numerous criminal enterprises. Macbeth’sRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1887 Words   |  8 Pagesdisaster. â€Å"Macbeth’’ is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare and is considered one of his darkest and most powerful works. William Shakespeare was born in Stratford -upon -avon, in Warwickshire and was baptized a few days later on 26 April 1566. William Shakespeare was educated at the local King Edward grammar school Stratford and is considered by many to be the greatest playwright of all time.(Bio.) In Macbeth, William Shakespeare used ambition to show us Lady Macbeth and Macbeth and theirRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 2339 Words   |  10 PagesIn this essay I will be analysing in great detail how William Shakespeare the writer of a variety of plays, describes the range of different features and techniques that he has used in both Macbeth (Act 2 Scene 2), and Capulet (Act 3 Scene 5), and how he Shakespeare has represented the main characters of each play to be shown as disturbed emotionally, physically, and psychologically during the plays. Firstly, when Capulet is shown he is seen by the audience as being in a good, cheerful, happy, and

Contributing Factors Of Nocturnal Enuresis Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(81) " the urban country did non demo important difference from that of rural country\." Reappraisal of literature is an indispensable activity of scientific research undertaking. It helps to familiarize with the practical issue related to the job and enable the research worker to beef up the survey which helps to uncover the prevalent state of affairs of the similar survey. The reviewed literature for this survey is presented in the undermentioned subdivisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Contributing Factors Of Nocturnal Enuresis Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2.1 Prevalence and lending factors of nocturnal urinary incontinence 2.2 Management of nocturnal urinary incontinence 2.1 Prevalence and Contributing Factors of Nocturnal Enuresis: A cross sectional survey was conducted on prevalence and hazard factors of single-channel diagnostic nocturnal urinary incontinence in school kids of Ankara. Among 15150 kids, 9 % kids had mono diagnostic nocturnal urinary incontinence. Frequency was found to be higher in male childs than misss. Analysis revealed gender, method of lavatory preparation, sleep jobs, school success, and general attack of the household to kids and general behavioral attitudes of the kids as important factors and age, male gender, lavatory preparation with endangering method, deep slumber, sleep walking, being introverted and diffident significantly increase the hazard of nocturnal urinary incontinence ( Secil Ozkan, et al. , 2010 ) . An epidemiological cross sectional survey was conducted to find the prevalence of nocturnal urinary incontinence in kids 5-14 old ages in Sudan, 218 kids were involved in the survey and out of that 33.5 % kids were found to hold nocturnal urinary incontinence. Frequency was high among misss than male childs and the prevalence of bedwetting lessening as the age of the kid increased from 13.3 % at 5-7 old ages of age to 2-3 % at 12-14 old ages ( Magdi, A. H. , 2010 ) . A prevalence survey was conducted in Eastern Croatia to set up the prevalence of nocturnal urinary incontinence in 6-7 twelvemonth old kid. Factors associated with nocturnal urinary incontinence and parental perceptual experiences were besides evaluated. Parents of 3011 kids were included in the survey. The prevalence rate is 1.2 % and it is significantly more in male childs than misss. 68.6 % of kids had the household history of nocturnal urinary incontinence and merely 17.1 % of parents expressed some concern about job on kid ‘s future development ( Miskulin, M. et al. , 2010 ) . A cross sectional survey conducted in sou’-east of Turkey to analyze the epidemiology and factors associated with nocturnal urinary incontinence among get oning and daytime school kids revealed that the overall prevalence of nocturnal urinary incontinence was 14.9 % . The prevalence of nocturnal urinary incontinence declined with age. Of the 6 twelvemonth old kids 33.3 % had the job, while the ratio was 2.6 % for 15 years-olds. There was no important difference in prevalence of nocturnal urinary incontinence between male childs and misss. Enuresis was reported as 18.5 % among kids go toing twenty-four hours clip school and among those 11.5 % go toing boarding school.Prevalence of urinary incontinence was increased in kids populating in small towns, with low income and with positive household history. After multivariate analysis, history of urinary piece of land infection, age, low monthly income and household history of urinary incontinence were factors associated with urinary incontinence. 46.4 % of parents and 57.1 % of enuretic kids were significantly concerned about the impact of urinary incontinence ( Ali Gunes, Gulsen Gunes, Yasemin Acik and Adem Akilli, 2009 ) . A descriptive questionnaire based survey was done in Africa to measure the quality of life and sleep quality and the association between the parametric quantities in kids with single-channel diagnostic nocturnal urinary incontinence. 71 kids in the age group of 6-15 old ages were included in the survey and it was found that every bit age of the kid and the continuance of the job additions, self esteem, physical well-being and friend spheres worsens ( Ertan, P et Al, 2009 ) . A two-stage mental wellness study was conducted among 5000 urban kids to analyze the association between urinary incontinence and abnormal psychology in urban Ethiopian kids. It was found that male sex, younger age and lower achieved were holding this job. Nocturnal urinary incontinence was significantly higher for kids in households with important fiscal concerns and in kids from places where parents were separated. Children with DSM III-R anxiousness upsets, particularly simple phobic disorder, or riotous behavior upsets were found to hold significantly higher rate of urinary incontinence ( Menelik Desta, 2007 ) . A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2007 at Iran to gauge the prevalence of nocturnal urinary incontinence and determine associated factors revealed the prevalence of 6.8 % among 7562 kids. A important relationship was found between the prevalence of urinary incontinence and age, educational position of parents, figure of household urinary incontinence, rearing methods, and deep slumber. Prevalence of urinary piece of land pathology was 2.9 % in enuretic kids ( Mohammed.R. Safarinejad, 2007 ) . A descriptive survey was conducted in India to set up the prevalence of urinary incontinence in school kids and to find lending factor. Parents of 1473 kids aged between 6-10 old ages were surveyed. The overall prevalence of urinary incontinence was 7.61 % . Enuresis was more common in male childs. A positive household history of urinary incontinence was seen in 28.57 % kids ; 14.29 % of the kids had daytime wetting every bit good. Merely 24.11 % of the parents had taken their kid to a physician for the job. Family stressors, important birth history and lower socioeconomic position were present to a larger extent in the enuretic group. Scholastic retardation was besides an of import factor in this group ( Avinash De Sousa, Hema Kapoor, Jyoti Jagtap, Mercilina Sen, 2007 ) . A indiscriminately selected cross-sectional survey was conducted from simple schools in Changhua County, Taiwan, to look into the prevalence of nocturnal urinary incontinence among kids and to measure its associated factors and badness. The overall prevalence of nocturnal urinary incontinence was 6.8 % . The ratio of male to female was about 1.5. The prevalence of urinary incontinence harmonizing to age group declined from 12.5 % at 6 old ages to 2.0 % at 12 old ages. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in the urban country did non demo important difference from that of rural country. You read "Contributing Factors Of Nocturnal Enuresis Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples"Of the factors associated with urinary incontinence, gender, age, urinary frequence or urgency, heredity, imbibing wont before slumber and trouble in waking showed important difference after multiple logistic arrested development analysis ( Hui-Lung Tai, et al. , 2006 ) . . A instance control survey consisted of 55 kids with nocturnal urinary incontinence from a continency Centre and 117 matched controls from a general paediatric pattern revealed that suckling protects against the development of bedwetting. Bed-wetting was strongly associated with household history. Approximately 45 % of kids wet the bed if one parent was enuretic and 75 % wet the bed if both parents were enuretic. Twenty-one parents ( 38 % ) in the survey group and 6 parents ( 5 % ) in the control group were enuretic as kids ( Barone, et al. , 2006 ) . An epidemiological survey was conducted to look into the prevalence and features of nocturnal urinary incontinence ( NE ) and to analyze the prevalence of hyperactive vesica ( OAB ) symptoms in preteen schoolchildren. It was conducted in 6917 school kids belonging to 11 primary schools that were indiscriminately enrolled in the study. They assessed the relationships between nocturnal urinary incontinence and invalidating wonts, and episodes of cystitis and irregularity. They found the prevalence of nocturnal urinary incontinence to be 5.9 % and reciprocally related to increasing age. Nocturnal urinary incontinence and hyperactive vesica were detected in 5.9 % and 17.8 % of preadolescent and schoolchildren severally ( Kajiwara, et al.,2006 ) . A community study of urinary incontinence was carried out in 2002 among 300 seemingly healthy kids aged 5-16 old ages in Edo State, Nigeria with the purpose of determining the true prevalence of the disease and the parts of some organic causative factors. The overall prevalence of urinary incontinence was 21.3 % . Of the 64 kids who were enuretic, 58 ( 91 % ) had lone nocturnal enuresis.. Combined daylight and dark clip urinary incontinence accounted for merely six ( 9.4 % ) instances. Ninety-four per centum of instances of urinary incontinence were primary, while merely six were secondary. Prevalence of urinary incontinence declined significantly with increasing age.There was a strong association between urinary incontinence and household history of bed wetting. Enuresis was more common in males, in kids drawn from households of hapless socio-economic position, among first order births, and among those with symptomless bacteriuria ( Iduoriyekemwen, N.J.,2006 ) .A A A A cohort survey was conducted to find the prevalence of nocturnal urinary incontinence among 13971 kids at 7.5 old ages old, revealed that 1260 kids ( 15.5 % ) at 7.5 old ages wet the bed, but most wet one time or less a hebdomad. A higher prevalence was reported in male childs than misss. 266 kids had both daytime wetting and bedwetting, with 189 ( 2.3 % ) holding both daytime soilure and bedwetting. Daytime urgency increased with badness of bedwetting and occurred in 28.9 % of kids with nocturnal urinary incontinence ( Richard.J. Butler, Jean Golding, Kate Northstone, 2005 ) .Bottom of Form A cross sectional population based survey was conducted in Turkey to set up the prevalence of urinary incontinence among school kids and find the hazard factors associated with this upset. Among 1576 schoolchildren aged between 6-16 old ages, the overall prevalence of urinary incontinence was 12.4 % and a important relationship was found between the prevalence of urinary incontinence and age, educational degree of male parent, the household ‘s monthly income, and figure of household members. Mono diagnostic nocturnal urinary incontinence was found to be more common in male child. Both maternal and paternal low educational position were found to be associated with single-channel diagnostic nocturnal urinary incontinence. It was found to be more common in the kids of unemployed female parents. Nocturnal urinary incontinence was found to be more associated with big households ( Gur, E. et al. , 2004 ) . Community study of a graded sample of 400 kids in the age group of 6-12 old ages in United Arab Emirates to find the prevalence, socio demographic correlatives and associated abnormal psychology in kids with urinary incontinence was found out that nocturnal urinary incontinence was associated with psychosocial emphasis in the household and positive household history ( Eapen, V. , 2003 ) . A randomised controlled test was done to analyze self image of kids with nocturnal urinary incontinence. 50 sample in the age group of 8-12 old ages were included. It was found out that kids with nocturnal urinary incontinence had low ego regard than others ( Theunis, et al.,2002 ) . 2.2 Management of Nocturnal Enuresis: A randomized prospective survey was performed to measure the efficaciousness of different manners of combined therapy in kids with single-channel diagnostic nocturnal urinary incontinence. One group was treated with primary Desmopressin and another group was treated with primary dismay intervention that was combined with Desmopressin after 3 months. 22/30 ( 73 % ) kids were dry after combined intervention, dwelling of 12/18 male childs and 10/12 misss. Combined therapy proved effectual in kids with mono-symptomatic nocturnal urinary incontinence after 6 months ( Vogt, M. , 2010 ) . A cross sectional survey was conducted to look into the efficaciousness of dismay intervention in a sample of 84 Brazilian kids and striplings with nocturnal urinary incontinence. During 32 hebdomads, they were received alarm intervention together with hebdomadal psychological support Sessionss for single households or groups of 5 to 10 households. 71 % of the participants achieved success, defined as 14 back-to-back dry darks. The consequence was similar for kids and striplings and for single or group support ( Pereira, R.F. , 2010 ) . A descriptive survey was designed to measure the success rates of the enuretic dismay device in patients ( 6-16 old ages ) with mono-symptomatic nocturnal urinary incontinence in Ankara, Turkey. 40 patients who had important mono-symptomatic nocturnal urinary incontinence ( three or more wet darks per hebdomad ) were included. They used an enuretic dismay for 12 hebdomads ab initio. 27 patients became dry at dark at the terminal of three months ( Ozgur, B.C. , 2009 ) . A randomized control test conducted in Netherland to measure the short- and long-run effects of simple behavioral intercessions for nocturnal urinary incontinence in immature kids note that nocturnal urinary incontinence occurs in up to 10 % of 10-year-old kids and that male childs have higher rates of urinary incontinence at older ages than do misss. This survey compared the comparative effectivity of 3 interventions with a control group. Parents completed journals detailing dark urinary incontinence episodes for up to 6 months after registration. The survey enrolled 570 participants, with 140 to 147 kids in each of the 4 groups. Sixty per centum of the participants were male. Success rates at least 14 darks dry in a row at 6 months after registration were 21 % in the control group, 27 % in the lifting with watchword group, 37 % in the lifting without watchword group, and 32 % in the star chart/reward group ( Van Dommelen, P. , 2009 ) . A prospective survey was done to measure the long-run success of the enuretic dismay device in patients with single-channel diagnostic primary nocturnal urinary incontinence in Turkey. Sixty-two patients who had important single-channel diagnostic primary nocturnal urinary incontinence were included. They used an enuretic dismay for 3 months. At the terminal of the intervention, 15 of the patients did non hold benefit from the enuretic dismay. 47 patients benefited from the enuretic dismay. Thirty-one of the 62 patients underwent combination intervention ( enuretic dismay plus medical therapy ) for unsuccessful enuretic dismay intervention. The overall full response rate for combination intervention was 16.1 % . ( Tuncel A, et al. , 2008 ) . A randomised controlled test was done to compare alarm intercessions with no active intervention, behavioral intercessions, drugs or other intervention for intervention of non-organic nocturnal urinary incontinence in kids less than 16 old ages found that dismaies reduced nocturnal urinary incontinence and intervention failure ( Glazener, C. M. , 2008 ) . A retrospective analysis was performed on informations from 423 kids in the age group of 6-12 old ages to measure the combination of urinary incontinence dismay and desmopressin in handling kids with urinary incontinence found out that 74 % of kids treated merely with dismay became dry and 26 % of kids being cured by combination of desmopressin and dismay ( Kamperis, K. , 2008 ) . A randomised controlled test was done in Turkey to measure the effectivity of short term desmopressin to enuritic dismay. 58 kids were included in the survey. The consequences showed that add-on of short term desmopressin to dismay therapy was more effectual merely in the intervention clip, but it did non alter the response to dismay therapy in long term ( Aktas, B. K. , 2008 ) . A survey was conducted to find the consequence and prognostic factors of backsliding 1 twelvemonth after combination therapy of an urinary incontinence dismay, vesica preparation, motivational therapy and keeping control preparation for nocturnal urinary incontinence in 77 kids at Gasthuisberg. Gender, age, sleep rousing, family-history, vesica capacity, hyperactive vesica, night-time polyuria, continuance of intervention, over acquisition and psychosocial factors were investigated. The backsliding rate during the whole twelvemonth was 50 % , with 33.8 % of topics being dry and 16.2 % sometimes wet. The backsliding rate after 1 twelvemonth was 16 % . The backsliding rate during the twelvemonth was high while the backsliding rate after 1 twelvemonth was low. Psychosocial jobs and hyperactive vesica were the lone 2 prognostic factors for backsliding ( Van Kampen M, et al. , 2004 ) . A retrospective survey was conducted to happen out the effectivity of behavioral therapy for primary nocturnal enuresis.250 kids in the age group of 5-17 old ages were selected for the survey it was found out that behavioural therapy is effectual than desmopressin ( Marcopennes, et al. , 2004 ) . In a case-based survey, on a 6 twelvemonth 6 month old kid with ailments of bedwetting twice a hebdomad, a complete physical scrutiny and history aggregation was performed. Child was treated with motivational therapy and was recommended parents of the kid to be supportive of the patient ‘s dry darks avoid unfavorable judgment of wet darks, avoid inordinate fluid intake 2 hours before bedtime and emptying his vesica at bedtime. After 1 month it was found that bedwetting job had improved significantly ( Paredes, 2002 ) . A controlled test was undertaken to measure the practicableness and efficaciousness of handling enuretic kids in residential Children ‘s Homes by agencies of the urinary incontinence dismay. A control group design was employed with 19 and 20 topics in the intervention and control groups severally. Eighteen of the 19 intervention group kids achieved initial apprehension of urinary incontinence in a mean of 11.9 hebdomads of intervention ( range 5-28 hebdomads ) . After a follow-up period of at least 20 months, 17 of the 19 kids were known to be dry. It was concluded that dismay intervention was effectual and operable in Children ‘s Homes as in household state of affairss ( Jehu, D. , 2002 ) . A randomised controlled test was conducted at Canada to find the ego construct and behavior alteration after 6 months of intervention with conditioning dismay. 182 kids of age more than 7 old ages were included and it was found that there is betterment in the kids ‘s ego construct after dismay intervention ( Longstaff, S. , 2000 ) . A randomized prospective survey was done in France to compare the effectivity of desmopressin and dismay intervention. 135 kids were included in the survey from the age group of 6-16 old ages. The survey consequences showed that desmopressin was effectual merely for short term and urinary incontinence dismay was effectual for long term ( Faraj, G. et al. , 1999 ) A survey conducted to happen out the effectivity of star charts among127 kids who were referred to an urinary incontinence clinic. The mean age was 8.8 old ages old, and most of the kids were considered to hold terrible urinary incontinence, holding been already unsuccessfully treated. Of the 127 kids, 22 became dry when star charts were used to honor their behavior. Eighty-one of the staying 96 kids had an initial success of 42 back-to-back dry darks. Failure to accomplish waterlessness for six months was strongly associated with psychiatric upsets in the topics, household emphasis, and the absence of concern by kid and parents ( Hanafin, 1998 ) . An experimental survey was conducted in United Kingdom to measure the efficaciousness of dismay glandular fever therapy with combination of dismay and desmopressin. 35 kids in the age group of 6-12 old ages were included in the survey. Study showed that kids having combination therapy had more dry darks per hebdomad ( Bradburry, M. , 1997 ) . A retrospective survey among 541 kids at kids ‘s Hospital of Florence University revealed that motivational therapy is effectual. All the patients have been ab initio helped merely with motivational guidance and 76 among them obtained lasting remedy. The staying 250 kids were treated with the conditioning dismay system, ever associated to periodic conversation, urine halt exercisings and other psychological support like nominal economic system. The consequences obtained of this sort of intervention after a followup of 6 months, were lasting recovery in 211 kids ( 84 % ) Sing the sex, no important difference was noted. These positive consequences with the conditioning devices favor the position that the etiology of primary urinary incontinence is chiefly biologic. The bell dismay represents the most effectual intervention for nocturnal urinary incontinence ( Bartolozzi, G. , 1991 ) . A survey conducted to place household factors, and with emotional emphasis factors related to nocturnal urinary incontinence, 127 kids who were referred to an urinary incontinence clinic in Sydney were studied. The mean age was 8.8 old ages old, and most of the kids were considered to hold terrible urinary incontinence, holding been already unsuccessfully treated. One-third of the topics ‘ male parents and 70 per centum of female parents were unemployed, and 41 per centum of parents acknowledged environmental emphasis such as fiscal or matrimonial strife, or serious unwellness or decease in the household. Of the 127 kids, 22 became dry when star charts were used to honor their behavior. Eighty-one of the staying kids had an initial success of 42 back-to-back dry darks. The survey suggests that the high success rate in these kids is related to shut supervising by clinic forces, encouragement of the household, and by giving the kid about complete duty for following the plan. Care ful designation of associated factors like medical unwellness, household emphasis, and other jobs such as lodging must be addressed as portion of an effectual urinary incontinence plan ( Devlin, J.B. , 1990 ) . Bibiliography Books Achar ‘s ( 2009 ) . Textbook Of Pediatrics. 4th Edition, Hydrabad: Universities Press Publication Adele Pillitteri, ( 2007 ) . Child Health Nursing. 5th Edition, Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Publication Anupam Sachdeva, ( 2007 ) . Progresss In Pediatrics. 1st Edition, New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Company Basavanthappa, B. T. ( 1998 ) . Nursing Research. 1st Edition, New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Company Cecily Lynn Betz, ( 1999 ) . Nursing Care Of Children And Family. 2 Nd Edition, Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders David. , M.Hall ( 2003 ) . Health For All Children. 4th Edition, Newyork: Oxford University Press Publication Denise. , F.Polit ( 1999 ) . Nursing Research. 6th Edition, Philadelphia: Lippincot Publication Dorothy, R. Marlow ( 1988 ) . Textbook Of Pediatric Nursing. 6th Edition, Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Jane. , A. Fox ( 1997 ) .Primary Health Care Of Children.2ndedition, London: Mosby Publication Krishna. , M.Goel, K.Devendra ( 2009 ) . Hutchison ‘s Pediatrics.1st Edition, New Delhi: Jaypee Publication Lippincott ( 1999 ) . Manual Of Nursing Practice. 5th Edition, Usa: Lippincot Publication. Marilyn. , J.Hockenberry ( 2009 ) .Essentials Of Paediatric Nursing.5thedition, London: Mosby Publication Nancy. , T.Hatfield ( 2008 ) .Paediatric Nursing, 7th Edition, Philadelphia: Lippincot Publication Neil Mclntosh, Peter Helms ( 2008 ) . Textbook Of Pediatrics.7th Edition, Philadelphia: Elsevier Publication Nicke. , L. Pott ( 2002 ) . Pediatric Nursing Care Of Children And Their Family. 3rd Edition, Delmar: Thomson Publication Parthasarathy. , A ( 2009 ) .Iap Text Book Of Pediatrics. 4th Edition, New Delhi: Jaypee Publication. Robert. , M.Kriegman, J.Karen ( 2006 ) .Essentials Of Paediatrics.5thedition, Philadelphia: Saunders Publication Susan Gupta ( 2009 ) . Short Text Book Of Pediatrics.17 Th Edition, New Delhi: Jaypee Publication. Susan Rowen James ( 2007 ) . Nursing Care Of Children. 3rd Edition, Philadelphia: Saunders Publication Terri Kyle ( 2008 ) . Necessities Of Paediatric Nursing. 1st Edition, Philadelphia: Lippincot Publication Tom Lissauer, Graham Claydan ( 2007 ) Illustrated Text Book Of Pediatrics,3rd Edition, Spain: Mosby Publication Diaries Aubert, D. , Berard, E ( 2010 ) â€Å" Isolated Primary Nocturnal Enuresis: International Evidence Based Management. Consensus Recommendations By French Expert Group † , Progress En Urology,20 ( 5 ) , Pp.343-349. Avinash De Sousa, Hema Kapoor, Jyoti Jagtap, Mercilina Sen ( 2007 ) â€Å" Prevalence And Factors Affecting Enuresis Amongst Primary School, Indian Journal Of Urology,23 ( 4 ) , Pp.354-357. Bartolozzi G Et Al. , ( 1991 ) â€Å" Evaluation And Treatment Of Enuritic Child: 8 Year Experience † , Pediatric Medical Care, 13 ( 9 ) , Pp.389-393. Carmann, K.B. , Ceran, O. , Kaya, C. , Karaman, M, I. , ( 2008 ) â€Å" Nocturnal Enuresis In Turkey: Prevalence And Accompanying Factors In Different Socioeconomic Environments † , International Journal Of Urology, 80 ( 4 ) , Pp. 362-369. Cracco, A. , Belloli, G. , Ronconi, G.F. , ( 1984 ) â€Å" Sound Alarms And Conditioning Therapy In The Treatment Of Childhood Enuresis: A Study Of 180 Cases † , Pediatric Medical Care, 6 ( 5 ) , Pp.681-689. Devlin, J.B. , ( 1992 ) â€Å" Prevalence And Risk Factors For Childhood Nocturnal Enuresis † , Ireland Medical Journal,84 ( 4 ) , Pp.118-120. Devlin, J.B. , Cathain, C. , Ranmer Terrace, ( 1990 ) â€Å" Predicting Treatment Outcome In Nocturnal Enuresis † , Archieves Of Diseases In Childhood, 65 ( 10 ) , Pp.1158-1161. Glazener, Cathry, Evans, Jonathan, ( 2004 ) â€Å" Treating Nocturnal Enuresis In Children: Reappraisal Of Evidence † , Journal Of Wound, Ostomy And Continence, 31 ( 4 ) , Pp.223-234. Glazener, C.M. , Evans, J.H. , ( 2000 ) â€Å" Desmopressin For Nocturnal Enuresis In Children, Cochrane Data Base Systematic Review † , Ireland Medical Journal,84 ( 4 ) , Pp.118-120 Grahamani, M. , Mahdi. , Amir Ali. , ( 2008 ) â€Å" Nocturnal Enuresis And Its Impact On Growth, Iran Journal Of Pediatrics,18, Pp.167-170. Gunes, A. , Gunes, G. , ( 2009 ) â€Å" The Epidemiology And Factors Associated With Nocturnal Enuresis Among Boarding And Daytime School Children In South East Of Turkey: A Cross Sectional Study † , B M C Public Health,22 ( 9 ) , Pp. 357-358. Gur, E. , Et Al, ( 2004 ) . â€Å" Enuresis: Prevalence, Risk Factors And Urinary Pathology Among School Children In Istanbul, Turkey † , International Journal Of Pediatrics,46 ( 1 ) , Pp58-63. Gumus, B. , Et Al, ( 1999 ) , â€Å" Prevalence Of Nocturnal Enuresis And Its Associated Factors In Children Aged 7-11 Old ages In Turkey † , Acta Pediatrics, 88 ( 12 ) , Pp.1369-1372. Hai Lung Tai, Et Al. , ( 2007 ) â€Å" The Epidemiology And Factors Associated With Nocturnal Enuresis And Its Severity In Primary School Children In Taiwan † , Acta Pediatrics, 96 ( 2 ) , Pp.242-245. Hanaffin, ( 2006 ) â€Å" The Challenge Of Treating Enuresis: Treatment Options † , Urology Of Nursing,26 ( 3 ) , Pp.222-224. Ibadin, M. O. , ( 2006 ) â€Å" Survey Of Childhood Enuresis In Ehor Community, Nigeria † , Saudi Journal Of Kidney Disease And Transplantation, 17 ( 2 ) , Pp.177-182. Joseph Barone, Cristopher, ( 2009 ) â€Å" Nocturnal Enuresis And Overweight Are Associated With Obstructive Sleep Apnea † , Pediatrics, 124 ( 1 ) , Pp. 53-59. Joseph Barone, Andrew, ( 2006 ) â€Å" Breast Feeding During Infancy May Protect Against Bedwetting During Childhood † , Pediatrics, 118 ( 1 ) , Pp. 254-259. Joseph, L, Mathew. , ( 2010 ) â€Å" Evidence Based Management Of Nocturnal Enuresis ; An Overview Of Systematic Reviews † , Indian Journal Of Pediatrics,47, Pp.777-779. Kamperis, K. , ( 2008 ) â€Å" Combination Of Enuresis Alarm And Desmopressin: Second Line Treatment Of Nocturnal Enuresis † , Journal Of Urology,179 ( 3 ) , Pp.1128-1131. Kwak, K.W. , Park, K.H. , ( 2008 ) â€Å" Clinical Incompatibility Of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Between Questionnaire And Bladder Diary In Children With Nocturnal Enuresis † , Journal Of Urology, 180, Pp. 1085-1090. Lottman, H.B. , Alova, I. , ( 2007 ) â€Å" Primary Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis In Children And Adolescents † , International Journal Of Clinical Practice, 155, Pp.8-16. Mandy Vogt, Thomas. , ( 2010 ) â€Å" Evaluation Of Different Modes Of Combined Therapy In Children With Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis † , British Journal Of Urology International, 105 ( 10 ) , Pp.1456-1459. Mitsuru Kajiwara Et Al. , ( 2006 ) â€Å" Nocturnal Enuresis And Hyperactive Bladder In Children: An Epidemiologic Survey † , International Journal Of Urology,13 ( 1 ) , Pp. 36-41. Menelik Desta, Bruno Huggler. , ( 2007 ) † Socio Demographic And Psychopathologic Correlates Of Enuresis In Urban Ethiopian Children † , Acta Pediatrics,96 ( 4 ) , Pp. 556-560. Muhammed, R.Safarinejad. , ( 2007 ) â€Å" Prevalence Of Nocturnal Enuresis, Risk Factors, Associated Familial Factors And Urinary Pathology Among School Children In Iran † , Journal Of Pediatric Urology,3 ( 60 ) , Pp.443-452. Oge, O. , Kocak, I. ( 2001 ) â€Å" Enuresis: Point Prevalence And Associated Factors ren Among Turkish Child † . Turkish Journal Of Pediatrics,43 ( 1 ) , Pp.38-43. Ozgur, B, C. , Ozgur, S. , Dogan, V. , Orun, U, A. , ( 2009 ) â€Å" The Efficacy Of An Enuresis Alarm In Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis † , Singapore Medical Journal,50 ( 9 ) , Pp.879-880. Ozkan, C. , Durukan, E. , Iseri, E. , Gurocak, S. , ( 2010 ) â€Å" Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis In Turkish Children † , Indian Journal Of Urology,26 ( 2 ) , Pp.200-205. Paula, Van, Dommelen. , ( 2009 ) † The Short And Long Term Effects Of Simple Behavioural Interventions For Nocturnal Enuresis In Young Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial † , Journal Of Pediatrics, 154 ( 5 ) , Pp.22-29. Rodrigo, F, Pereira. , ( 2010 ) â€Å" Behavioral Alarm Treatment For Nocturnal Enuresis † , International Brazilian Journal Of Urology,36, Pp.332-338. Tuncel, A. , Mavituna, I. ( 2008 ) â€Å" Long Term Follow Up Of Enuretic Alarm Treatment In Nocturnal Enuresis † , Norse Journal Of Urology And Nephrology, 42 ( 5 ) , Pp.449-454. Valsamma, Eapen. , Mabrouk. , ( 2003 ) â€Å" Prevalence And Correlates Of Nocturnal Enuresis In The United Arab Emirates † , Saudi Medical Journal, 2003, 24 ( 1 ) , Pp.49- 51. Van, Londenet Al. , ( 1993 ) † Nocturnal Enuresis And Alarms: Treatment Of Choice † , Behavioral Research And Therapy, 31 ( 6 ) , Pp.613-615. Van Hoecke, Et Al. , ( 2007 ) â€Å" Early Detection Of Psychological Problems In A Population Of Children With Nocturnal Enuresis † , Journal Of Urology,178, Pp. 2611-2615. Van, Hoche, Et Al. , ( 2008 ) â€Å" Bettering The Cure Rate Of Enuresis Alarm Treatment For Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis By Increasing Bladder Capacity: A Randomized Controlled Trial In Children † , Journal Of Urology,179, Pp. 1122-1123. Net Search: www.ajitmh.org www.adc.bmj.com www.cdc.gov www.chestnet.org www.idrc.ca www.ispub.com www.laia.ac.uk www.libertonline.com www.masterdocs.com www.ners.fk.unair.ac.id www.nih.gov www.nnlbi.nih.gov www.who.org www.erj.ersjournals.com How to cite Contributing Factors Of Nocturnal Enuresis Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Sexual Roles In Dracula Essay Example For Students

Sexual Roles In Dracula Essay Sexual Roles in DraculaWomen in Bram Stokers Dracula are primarily presented in two ways: There is the sexual being created solely with the aid Draculas vampiric influence, and the device manipulated and virtually exploited by the men throughout the novel to contribute to the fight between Dracula and Van Helsing and his companions. This battle is not only the literal battle between Dracula and the men, but it is primarily a battle for the empowerment of women, both sexually and intellectually; a fight against the constricting social boundaries which forced men and women into their respective roles. Draculas kiss enables women to become sexual penetrators. Using their sharp teeth to penetrate men, the reverse the traditional gender roles and place men in the passive position customarily reserved for women (Craft, 448). The instance when Mina drinks from Draculas breast is the strongest example of this; where the reader to this point is accustomed to Dracula doing the ?biting?, and suddenly Mina has the power to penetrate a male. Both Lucy and Mina, when they carry out a relationship with Dracula, become sexual beings, as opposed to when they are mortals and are forced to obey the social boundaries of their society. By expressing this sexuality, they become threatening to the men. Mina is intelligent, and despite the strong aversion she has to the ?New Woman? or the ?Modern Woman?, she is, in fact, a sort of modern woman; connected with modern ways, a schoolteacher with secretarial skills, she possesses a ?mans brain?. It is this very brain which is ultimately used to aid in Drac ulas downfall. Lucy, on the other hand, is presented as the temptress at the very start of the novel. Stoker presents her as exhibiting personality traits potentially dangerous in women. She is ever the tease, falling into the traditional female role more than Mina ever did. Her vanity and superficiality is shown very clearly in a letter to Mina: ?THREE proposals in one day! Isnt it awful! But, for goodness sake, dont tell any of the girls, or they would be getting all sorts of extravagant ideas and imagining themselves injured and slighted if in their very first day at home they did not get six at least. Some girls are so vain? (Stoker, 57). As a mortal, Lucy is already a sexual being- her transformation into a vampire only accentuates her seductiveness, making her a threat to the men. She becomes everything she wasnt in life; maternal, mature, cunning, sly. When the vampiric Lucy is approached by Holmwood in her tomb, his intent to destroy, she tries to seduce him (and he finds he r hard to resist), to get him to protect her from the others. In the eyes of the men, she has become a ?monster? as well, and their desire for her is manifested in their obsession with destroying her. Lucys unmanageable sexual penetration is presented as inherently evil because it threatens fixed gender distinctions (Signorottii, 623). Jonathon, Van Helsing, Seward and Holmwood are all overwhelmingly and unavoidably attracted to the vampires, and to sexuality in general. Fearing this, they both displace this attraction and justify their hostile reaction to it by projecting the attraction onto the female vampires (with the rationale that it is not themselves who want the vampires, it is the vampires who want them), and using religion to justify the murders (Roth, 415). The men refuse admit to this attraction, because what they are attracted to poses such a threat to their manhood. Vampires are allowed to show their sexuality in a much more explicit manner than the ?living?. One of the three vampire women who attempt to feed form Jonathon in Draculas castle exhibits this with surprising directness: ?He is young and strong; there are kisses for us all? (Stoker, 42). ?The vampire women offer immediate sexual gratification a tempting alternative to the socially imposed delays and frustrations of Jonathons relationship with the chaste and somewhat sexless Mina? (Wasson, 389). During Minas transformation, she becomes a much more dangerous threat to the men. Her ?mans brain? is now being used to Draculas advantage. Furthermore, Dracula is able to give his women, Mina being no exception, what Jonathon could never give; knowledge, power, sexuality, lust. Minas relationship with Dracula is the envy of Jonathon, for he is too proper and must adhere to the soc ial boundaries of the time to strictly for him to carry out such an impassioned relationship, even with his own wife. .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1 , .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1 .postImageUrl , .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1 , .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1:hover , .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1:visited , .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1:active { border:0!important; } .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1:active , .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1 .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c2548a422a98505d80b4da34c7232b1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Problems with Voting EssayMina is used as a tool by both Dracula and Van Helsing. Dracula uses Mina as a link to the mind of England- the new territory he plans on colonizing because his parasitic existence has used up the people and land of Transylvania. Draculas best chance for survival now lies in the West, where technology, reason, and progressive democratic ideals prevail. Minas skills as a teacher and her ability to type and write in shorthand give Dracula an inside link to this new territory (Wasson, 387). In fact, Draculas reason for ?expanding? into England is to create a race of female vampires equipped with masculine qualities (Craft, 448). In their quest to ext erminate Dracula, Mina becomes the intermediary link to Van Helsing and the other men. Van Helsing uses her by hypnotizes her to gain access to Draculas mind and find his weaknesses. She tells Van Helsing that ?you can hypnotize me and so learn that which even I myself to not know? (Stoker, 284?). Mina and Draculas psychic bond is exploited by Draculas ultimate destroyers to attain their goal of both eliminating Dracula- this creature who has sexually liberated ?their? women- and saving Mina (Signorotti, 626). Lucy is never used as such, nor is she as threatening as Mina is, mostly because Lucy never possessed the aggressive, masculine attributes that Mina did. True, Lucy has the sexual strength that Dracula wants in a companion, and both Mina and Lucy evoke the sensuality and maternity which Draculas brides do not, it is ultimately Minas intelligence, rationale, and ability to adapt to modern life that allow her to live. Lucy dies because she is a rough draft of Draculas ideal comp anion. Draculas experiment with Lucy reveals unpleasant results of a woman fighting to break free of the traditional gender roles, whereas his experiment with Mina produces a much more satisfying outcome (Signorotti, 624). Mina is viewed more as Draculas equal, and he believes this perfection has been attained. However, Dracula did not count on Minas strengths to be used against him in anyway, and is it the very ?mans brain? which attracts Dracula to Mina that causes his destruction. English Essays

Emotional And Physical Development In Children Essays - Infancy

Emotional And Physical Development In Children Emotional and Physical Development in Children Infants grow at a very rapid rate during the first one and a half years of life. Their development is not only physical, it is also mental, emotionally, and social. These developments are the blue prints for further development in life. During development, there are three basic developmental laws. The first one is the baby's development in the head region, followed by the upper body, followed by the trunk portion, and lastly the legs and feet. For example, a baby can hold up their heads first before they can grab an object with their hand. The second law is the baby's motor skills. Motor skills are the child's ability to control movement. There are two basic types of motor skills; they are large motor skills and fine motor skills. Large motor skills deal with all the large muscles, fine motor skills deal with smaller muscles in the body. The 3rd developmental law is Brain development. As the brain develops, a child responds more and more to sight and sound. Babies are born having som e sort of reflexes in order for them to adapt to their surroundings. In the first 2 weeks after birth, infants develop some new reflexes. Babies begin to explore their grasping reflex where they can hold tightly to an object. A lot of these behaviors are important for a child's survival, without these a child would not be able to physically develop. The absence of reflexes in a newborn is signals of possible problems in brain development. A baby's attention span is very limited. In the first two months, they can only focus on an edge of an object, however by the end of the 2nd month they can see a whole object. Newborns can hear soft voices as well as loud voices and can also notice differences between different sounds that are made. When babies hear someone talking they are inclined to open their eyes wider and look for the speaker. Infants love the sounds of children since their voices are in a high pitch. This is why they like to hear ?'baby talk'' Cognitive thinking development is the reasoning and logic of an infant. The first 18 months of development is the sensory motor. In this stage infants develop basic units of knowledge. During this stage infants can form these units only when objects are present. They cannot think about missing objects because they can't act on them. When a very young infant sees an abject and then looks away, the infant thinks the object is no longer there. They do not have the concept of knowing it's there, if it's out of sight. Infants will begin to develop the idea of permanent objects at around 4 months. Also, at this part of life they are beginning to learn that a disappearing object can still exist. Infants between 4- 8 months will follow a moving object with their eyes until it has vanished, but they don't search for it. From about 8-12 months infants for the first time will search manually for an object that disappears out of their sight. Social and emotional teaching is an important concept for parents to be aware of. A nurturing environment can build trails that encourage emotional stability, while repeated stress may cause problems further in development. Infants learn from the people around them the most. Infants learn how to handle a situation through what other people are doing. During the first hour after birth an emotional tie begins. From an early age infants are alert to the people around them. They prefer to look at children and at attractive faces. Infants also communicate through their feelings by crying and screaming. From 0-4 months babies show the majority of their emotions through crying. Also they can communicate that they want to be alone by turning away and sucking their thumbs. A baby that smiles and is looking around is generally showing signs that they want to interact with others. Not responding to an infant's emotional sign can slow down their social development. It's at this point that they also develop a sense of trust. This strong sense of trust

People That Are Hard To Live With essays

People That Are Hard To Live With essays People are different in many ways. Just imagine this is your first year of college. You dont know what to expect. All you know is that you are going to be living with five knew people. Even though you guys have talked on the phone, there is no way you know what is going to happen. Sometimes you can get the nicest roommate but, the other times you could get the worst one. There are three classifications of people they can be messy, disrespectful, and annoying. The first classification is messy. The three types are smelly, dont pick up them selves, and moldy. They can smell really bad all the time by not taking a shower. This is bad because they can stink up the room or even worse, your room. Another way they can smell bad is if they dont wash there clothes. If they are messy they are defiantly not going to pick up there clothes are any other thing. They are either going to wait for somebody to pick it up for them or they are going to wait for somebody to tell them to. The worst thing about being messy is they are going to leave mold and any other fungi. They will never clean the bathroom or clean there cups they drank out of. The second classification is disrespectful. The three types are talk about you, dont listen to you, and keep you up at night. When you first met somebody knew you dont know what they are like. You may tell them things about you that you didnt want anybody to know but, later that night they are telling other people about your life. They may even do something worse and make fun of you to your face. Another bad thing is when they dont listen to you. You are tying to tell them a story and they completely ignore you. They could even walk away and not even care about a word you are saying. The last thing is they will keep you up all night. If you have an eight oclock class and are tying to go to bed they will not let you fall a ...

David Orton PLC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

David Orton PLC - Essay Example In order to understand the challenges that Costwise employees have to face since the merger of their organization with Ortons it is necessary to refer primarily to the main events followed the above merger, meaning the events that are likely to affect the employee relationships across the organization: before the merger both firms, Ortons and Costwise have been quite powerful in the British retail industry. However, the two firms had a different culture, as reflected in their strategic priorities: for Ortons, keeping its prices at a rather high level, ensuring the quality of its products, and increasing the number of its larger stores have been the most important elements of the firm’s strategy. In opposition, the stores of Costwise were of various sizes; developing an effective communication with customers has been more important in Costwise instead of increasing the number of profits. Moreover, the level of compensation in Costwise has been lower than that of Ortons, a fact that has not negatively affected the performance of employee in Costwise. After the merger, when the differences between the two organizations revealed, employees in the two firms have been asked to cooperate for promoting the plans of the organization resulted by the merger, the David Orton plc. However, inequalities in compensation and in the participation of employees in the firm’s decision-making process led employees in Costwise at a lower position compared to their counterparts in Ortons.

Analysis of RadioShack Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of RadioShack - Essay Example The company is suffering from net cash outflow instead of net cash inflow and this threatens to deplete its cash and cash equivalent reserve. This means that the company may be bankrupt in the near future and creditors are likely to lose their stake in the company. The company is also not doing well in its profitability because this source of cash inflow could offset the deficit in cash and cash equivalents that the company suffers (Carrasco 1). Possible stiff competition and poor operational management could be the reasons the organization is not doing well. While a large percentage of the organization’s stores are based in the United States, these stores have not been profitable to generate sufficient cash and facilitate growth. Competition could have also constrained demand, leading to high levels of inventory, and reduced profitability. Assuming the role of competition in the organization’s performance, poor operational strategies that have failed to minimize cost would be another reason for the current condition. The inefficient growth strategy is another reason for the condition because while the company is realizing challenges in its United States’ market while other markets remain promising, it has failed to shift its focus to the other regions (Carrasco 1). The economic approach to â€Å"profit maximization and marginalism† are the central principles to the problem that the company faces (Nicholson and Snyder 374). Under the profit maximization principle and within the scope of a competitive market, the company should operate at a level where the difference from its marginal costs to its marginal revenue approaches zero from the positive side (Mankiw 283, 284). This could inform production level and reduce or mitigate the realized negative cash flow, and develop creditors’ confidence and finance management’s efficiency.  Ã‚  

Human Resources Planning In Organizations

Human Resources Planning In Organizations InTroduction Planning is very important to our everyday activities. Several definitions have been given by different writers what planning is all about and its importance to achieving our objectives. It is amazing that this important part of HR is mostly ignored in HR in most organizations because those at the top do not know the value of HR planning. Organizations that do not plan for the future have less opportunities to survive the competition ahead. This article will discuss the importance of HR planning; the six steps of HR planning that is : Forecasting; inventory, audit, HR Resource Plan; Actioning of Plan; Monitoring and Control. Definition of HR Planning Quoting Mondy et (1996) they define it as a systematic analysis of HR needs in order to ensure that correct number of employees with the necessary skills are available when they are required. When we prepare our planning programme, Practitioners should bear in mind that their staff members have their objective they need to achieve. This is the reason why employees seek employment. Neglecting these needs would result in poor motivation that may lead to unnecessary poor performance and even Industrial actions. Importance of Planning Planning is not as easy as one might think because it requires a concerted effort to come out with a programme that would easy your work. Commencing is complicated, but once you start and finish it you have a smile because everything moves smoothly. Planning is a process that have to be commenced form somewhere and completed for a purpose. It involves gathering information that would enable managers and supervisors make sound decisions. The information obtained is also utilized to make better actions for achieving the objectives of the Organization. There are many factors that you have to look into when deciding for an HR Planning programme. HR Planning involves gathering of information, making objectives, and making decisions to enable the organization achieve its objectives. Surprisingly, this aspect of HR is one of the most neglected in the HR field. When HR Planning is applied properly in the field of HR Management, it would assist to address the following questions: How many staff does the Organization have? What type of employees as far as skills and abilities does the Company have? How should the Organization best utilize the available resources? How can the Company keep its employees? HR planning makes the organization move and succeed in the 21st Century that we are in. Human Resources Practitioners who prepare the HR Planning programme would assist the Organization to manage its staff strategically. The programme assist to direct the actions of HR department. The programme does not assist the Organization only, but it will also facilitate the career planning of the employees and assist them to achieve the objectives as well. This augment motivation and the Organization would become a good place to work. HR Planning forms an important part of Management information system. HR have an enormous task keeping pace with the all the changes and ensuring that the right people are available to the Organization at the right time. It is changes to the composition of the workforce that force managers to pay attention to HR planning. The changes in composition of workforce not only influence the appointment of staff, but also the methods of selection, training, compensation and motivation. It becomes very critical when Organizations merge, plants are relocated, and activities are scaled down due to financial problems. Inadequacy of HR Planning Poor HR Planning and lack of it in the Organization may result in huge costs and financial looses. It may result in staff posts taking long to be filled. This augment costs and hampers effective work performance because employees are requested to work unnecessary overtime and may not put more effort due to fatigue. If given more work this may stretch them beyond their limit and may cause unnecessary disruptions to the production of the Organization. Employees are put on a disadvantage because their live programmes are disrupted and they are not given the chance to plan for their career development. The most important reason why HR Planning should be managed and implemented is the costs involved. Because costs forms an important part of the Organizations budget, workforce Planning enable the Organization to provide HR provision costs. When there is staff shortage, the organization should not just appoint discriminately, because of the costs implications of the other options, such as training and transferring of staff, have to be considered. Steps in HR Planning Forecasting HR Planning requires that we gather data on the Organizational goals objectives. One should understand where the Organization wants to go and how it wants to get to that point. The needs of the employees are derived from the corporate objectives of the Organization. They stern from shorter and medium term objectives and their conversion into action budgets (eg) establishing a new branch in New Dehli by January 2006 and staff it with a Branch Manager (6,000 USD, Secretary 1,550 USD, and two clerical staff 800 USD per month. Therefore, the HR Plan should have a mechanism to express planned Company strategies into planned results and budgets so that these can be converted in terms of numbers and skills required. Inventory After knowing what human resources are required in the Organization, the next step is to take stock of the current employees in the Organization. The HR inventory should not only relate to data concerning numbers, ages, and locations, but also an analysis of individuals and skills. Skills inventory provides valid information on professional and technical skills and other qualifications provided in the firm. It reveals what skills are immediately available when compared to the forecasted HR requirements. Audit We do not live in a static World and our HR resources can transform dramatically. HR inventory calls for collection of data, the HR audit requires systematic examination and analysis of this data. The Audit looks at what had occured in the past and at present in terms of labor turn over, age and sex groupings, training costs and absence. Based on this information, one can then be able to predict what will happen to HR in the future in the Organization. HR Resource Plan Here we look at career Planning and HR plans. People are the greatest asserts in any Organization. The Organization is at liberty to develop its staff at full pace in the way ideally suited to their individual capacities. The main reason is that the Organizations objectives should be aligned as near as possible, or matched, in order to give optimum scope for the developing potential of its employees. Therefore, career planning may also be referred to as HR Planning or succession planning. The questions that should concern us are: Are we making use of the available talent we have in the Organization, and have we an enough provision for the future? Are employees satisfied with our care of their growth in terms of advancing their career? Assignment of individuals to planned future posts enable the administration to ensure that these individuals may be suitably prepared in advance. Actioning of Plan There are three fundamentals necessary for this first step. Know where you are going. There must be acceptance and backing from top management for the planning. There must be knowledge of the available resources (i.e) financial, physical and human (Management and technical). Once in action, the HR Plans become Corporate plans. Having been made and concurred with top management, the plans become a part of the companys long-range plan. Failure to achieve the HR Plans due to cost, or lack of knowledge, may be a serious constraints on the long-range plan. Below is an illustration of how HR Plan is linked to corporate Plan. The link between HR Plan and Strategic Management STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT -> HR PLANNING Æ’Â   STRATEGIC PLAN Organizational goals Values Organizational goals Strong and weak parts Mission Strong weak points Opportunities and threats Goals and Priorities Opportunities threats Sources of Competitive advantage Resource Allocations Source of Competitive advantage Identify People related matters Define HR strategies, Implement Hr Processes Goals plans Policy Practices HUMAN RESOURCES PLANNING Bohlander et as (2001) Monitoring and Control. This is the last stage of HR planning in the Organization. Once the programme has been accepted and implementation launched, it has to be controlled. HR department has to make a follow up to see what is happening in terms of the available resources. The idea is to make sure that we make use of all the available talents that are at our disposal failure of which we continue to struggle to get to the top. Do you have an HR Plan in action? Let us all check where we are working and see whether there is really a Human Resource Plan. If its not available, let use try to develop one and you would see how you will make a difference. It is quite true that HR plan is the basis of Human Resources Management. If we do not know how to develop it, then we are not doing an services to our Organizations and our impact will not be felt in the management pool. Human resource planning has traditionally been used by organizations to ensure that the right person is in the right job at the right time. Under past conditions of relative environmental certainty and stability, human resource planning focused on the short term and was dictated largely by line management concerns. Increasing environmental instability, demographic shifts, changes in technology, and heightened international competition are changing the need for and the nature of human resource planning in leading organizations. Planning is increasingly the product of the interaction between line management and planners. In addition, organizations are realizing that in order to adequately address human resource concerns, they must develop long-term as well as shortterm solutions. As human resource planners involve themselves in more programs to serve the needs of the business, and even influence the direction of the business, they face new and increased responsibilities and challenges. In an early treatment of the topic, Vetter (1967) defined human resource planning as the process by which management determines how the organization should move from its current manpower position to its desired position. Through planning, management strives to have the right number and the right kinds of people, at the right places, at the right time, doing things which result in both the organization and the individual receiving maximum long-run benefits. (p. 15) Contemporary human resource planning occurs within the broad context of organizational and strategic business planning. It involves forecasting the organizations future human resource needs and planning for how those needs will be met. It includes establishing objectives and then developing and implementing programs (staffing, appraising, compensating, and training) to ensure that people are available with the appropriate characteristics and skills when and where the organization needs them. It may also involve developing and implementing programs to improve employee performance or to increase employee satisfaction and involvement in order to boost organizational productivity, quality, or innovation (Mills, 1 985b). Finally, human resource planning includes gathering data that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing programs and inform planners when revisions i n their forecasts and programs are needed. Because a major objective of planning is facilitating February 1990 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ American Psychologist Copyright 1990 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 0003.066X/90/$00.75 Vol. 45, No. 2, 223-239 Human Resource Planning Challenges for Industrial/Organizational Psychologists Susan E. Jackson and Randall S. Schuler New York University an organizations effectiveness, it must be integrated with the organizations short-term and longer term business objectives and plans. Increasingly this is being done in leading organizations, although in the past business needs usually defined personnel needs and human resource planning, which meant that planning became a reactive process. The reactive nature of the process went handin-hand with a short-term orientation. Now, major changes in business, economic, and social environments are creating uncertainties that are forcing organizations to integrate business planning with human resource planning and to adopt a longer term perspective. For example, according to Kathryn Connors, vice president of human resources at Liz Claiborne, Human resources is part of the strategic (business) planning process. Its part of policy development, line extension planning and the merger and acquisition processes. Little is done-in the company that doesnt involve us in the planning, policy or finalization stages of any deal. (cited in Lawrence, 1989, p. 70) John OBrien, vice president of human resources at Digital Equipment Corporation, describes an integrated linkage between business and human resource plans as one by which human resource and line managers work jointly to develop business plans and determine human resource needs, analyze the work force profile in terms of future business strategies, review emerging human resource issues, and develop programs to address the issues and support the business plans. According to OBrien, such joint efforts occur when human resource planners convince corporate business planners that human resources HRM is the legal liason between the organization and the employees,they are to uphold the employment and safety laws (osha, and civil rights act) as well as follow the practices, which may differ within federal guidelines, that the employer authorizes. Corporations are always searching for better ways to produce goods and services. When new technological developments give some organizations a competitive advantage, their rivals try to catch up by adopting and improving on the new technologies. Ford has put many of Toyotas technical advances to work in its own plants, and General Motors has spent over $50 billion in the last decade to modernize its production facilities to develop skills in flexible manufacturing. A large part of this growth is the Human Resources department of these companies, who are responsible for hiring the people with the knowledge to bring new technology into a company. To be successful in the automotive market, these companies needs a highly skilled, flexible and committed work force, a flexible and innovative management, the ability to retain developed talent, and a strong partnership between management and labor unions. To achieve these goals, the company needs a talented HR department. Besides hiring the right people to manage and perform specific jobs, HR managers have to build up commitment and loyalty among the workforce by keeping them up to date about company plans, and laying out the implications for job security and working conditions. Such was the case when I worked at Velco. From the interview process to my exit interview at the end of the summer, the HR department was every employees main connection between the production floor and the upper management. The HR department kept us informed via bi-weekly meetings, a company newsletter, and bulletin-board postings throughout the plant. Whenever a question arose, instead of asking middle-management, an employee could go straight to the HR rep they were assigned to. From my experiences, it seemed like the HR reps knew everything there was to know about the company and how it is run. And I found that to be a very valuable asset. I imagine the same takes place at large corporations around the world, be it Velcro or General Motors. The backbone of any successful company is the HR department, and without a talented group of people to hire, culture, and inform employees, the company is doomed for failure.

Willie Loman as a Tragic Hero

Aristotle’s definition for a tragic hero is one who is not in control of his own fate, but instead is ruled by the gods in one fashion or another.   The tragic hero for Aristotle is tragic because of their lack of control or will in the face of their predetermined future and downfall.   In comparing Arthur Miller’s tragic hero of Death of a Salesman (Willy Loman) and his seeming lack of control in his own fate. This paper will expound upon Loman’s tragic flaw, his change of fate in the plot starting from good and going to worse.   Also, in defining and finding the correct terms in which to define the tragic hero Loman has a great tragic flaw (hamartia) which is his devil may care attitude at the beginning of the story, to the despondency and stagnation of hope that meets him at the end of the story.   Miller’s work analysis will be derived from Greg Johnson’s book Perrine's literature : structure, sound and sense.   As Arp and Johnson state, â€Å"Where tragic protagonist possess overpowering individuality so the plays are often named after them.   (i.e. Oedipus Rex, Othella), comic protagonist tend to be types of individuals, and the plays in which they appear are often named after the type, (i.e. Moliers, The Miser, Congreves, The Double Dealer). We judge tragic protagonist by absolute moral standards, by how far they soar above society.   We judge comic protagonist by social standards, by how well they adjust to society and conform to the expectations of the group† (1308) This is the dichotomy for Willy Loman, the tragic irony, the drama, and Willy Loman’s protagonist stance in a comic viewing. As John Jones (1962) states in On Aristotle and Greek Tragedy with an excerpt from Aristotle’s The Ideal Tragic Hero, â€Å"The well constructed plot must, therefore, have a single issue, and not (as some maintain) a double. The change of fortune must not be from bad to good but the other way round, from good to bad; and it must be caused, not by wickedness, but by some great error [hamartia] on the part of a man such as we have described, or of one better, not worse, than that† (13). This excerpt is the pivotal movement that changes Loman from a man who has hard luck, to the pinnacle of being a tragic hero in which he suffers from hamartia.   For Willy Loman, his reality isn’t primarily attributed to ego; he knows where he is, what he is, but his tragic flaw is accounted for in the pitfall of banal acceptance.   Willy Loman doesn’t try to change anything, but is caught up in mediocrity, and essentially blind to anything with a silver lining. As Harold Bloom (1991) writes in Willy Loman with an excerpt by Thomas Lask and his writing How Do You Like Willy Loman (New York Times, January 1966), â€Å"Yet, to my mind, Willy represents all those who are trapped by false values, but who are so far on in life, that they do not know how to escape them. They are men on the wrong track and know it. They are among those who, when young, felt they could move mountains and now do not even see those mountains. Aristotle said the tragic hero must be neither all good nor all evil, but rather a median figure. Everything about him is paltry except his battle to understand and escape from the pit he has dug for himself. In this battle he achieves a measure of greatness. In the waste of his life, his fate touches us all† (60). In Willy’s acceptance of his own commonness is his own personal flaw.   He doesn’t strive to be any better but allows himself to dully, and almost dutifully accept that he’s a dime a dozen.   Susan C. W. Abbotson (1999) states in Understanding Death of a Salesman, â€Å"Pursuing the dream of middle-class status and success, Willy does everything he thinks a good salesman is supposed to do. He smiles, he tells jokes, he hustles women receptionists. But Willy's talents are ordinary at best, and his value in the market is marginal† (212).   This is Willy’s great error. His mediocrity is a compromise to his once great dreams.   Even in the common man’s world he doesn’t stand out as unique or special; his flaw is in his power to be invisible.   No one seems to care in his existence and for Willy Loman, this realization in turn makes him not care about his own existence in a way, toward the end of the play at least, when his hope is close to banished.   This small sentiment can be found in a few muttered lines from Willy, â€Å"I’ve always tried to think otherwise, I guess.   I always felt that if a man was impressive, and well like, that nothing-â€Å"(97).   This sums up Loman’s fate; his drowning enthusiasm pitted against an uncaring cast of characters. With Oedipus this is the same; his tragic hero status is ensured by his unwillingness to exist as a partial man; without knowing his origins, without knowing his true identity.   While Loman is realizing that he has no identity he thus becomes a tragic hero, for Oedipus when he discovers his true identity, therein lies his status as a tragic hero.   He realizes his ego got in the way of his life.   His ego was his ruin. Willy Loman’s view of the world breaks when he loses his job.   Loman faces the world as no ordinary common man but also an invisible entity left to make no difference on the face of the earth while Oedipus is bereaved of his position and would rather not have lived (or seen what he had accomplished) because of the things he has done.   As Arthur Miller states in Perrine’s Literature, â€Å"Whoever heard of a Hastings small R refrigerator? Once in my life I would like to own, something outright before its broken! I’m always in a race with the junkyard! I just finished paying for the car and it’s on its last legs.   The refrigerator consumes belts like a Goddamn maniac.   They time those things.   They time them so when you finally paid for them they’re used up† (1586). This is the truth behind the tragic hero Loman.  Ã‚   The paradox for Loman as a tragic hero is in Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero; he’s doomed to failure. In conclusion, Loman began his story with an aplomb of luck, or ego, or a rosy view of the world, and his story ends with destruction:   Loman is hit by a car.   The connotation here is that Loman was blind in the beginning of Miller’s play, but not really in the second act.   Loman has dwindling faith in himself and reality.   Loman survived in life under false pretences, thus he suffers from his one flaw; blindness. Works Cited Arp, Thomas R & Greg Johnson.   Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound and Sense.   Heinle & Heinle /Thomson Learning, 2002, 8th edition. Bloom, Harold,   ed.   Willy Loman. New York: Chelsea House, 1991. Hamilton, Victoria. Narcissus and Oedipus: The Children of Psychoanalysis. London: Karnac Books, 1993 Jones, John. On Aristotle and Greek Tragedy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1962. Miller, Arthur.   Death of a Salesman.   Penguin Books, New York, 1949. Murphy, Brenda, and Susan C. W. Abbotson. Understanding Death of a Salesman A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999. Sophocles.   Oedipus the King. Oedipus at Colonus.   Antigone.   Ed. David Greene and Richmond Lattimore.   Random House, New York, 1942.

Millennials Future Essay

Lets face it the way Americas economy is looking right now the job market is in the dumpster. Millennials are working harder then ever to try and stand out from the rest of their peers so they can land a good job to support them on their own. This is putting millennials in between a rock and a hard place. In these day and age it’s almost required to have a college degree to have any chance of landing a good job to support you on your own. But these degrees come at a price and as the job market is failing and loans are pilling up on are college graduates. This bad economy is crushing the millennial generation and their futures. Millennials also know as generation Y, are people born from 1980s to the 2000s. They’re the first generation to be raised using digital technology, social media, and mass media. People born in this generation are now college students, and college graduates that are struggling in this tough economy. The millennial generation has limitless information at the tip of there fingers. Millennial are â€Å"always connected† with social networks like facebook and twitter they always know what friends are doing. People have said millennials are parent dependent and don’t know what reasonability is, which I think could go either way. Some millennials are very parent dependent but I see others very independent going to school and working without the guidance of parents. Its unfair to generalize millenials as slackers that don’t know how to work for something, it all depend on the person. Previous generations were able to go colleges get a degree and start working and living on their own immediately after graduation. â€Å"Not so long ago, the average American man in his 20s had achieved most of the milestones of adulthood: a high-school diploma, financial independent, marriage and children.† (Hymowitz 477). â€Å"In 1970, just 16 percent of Americans ages 25 to 29 had never been married: today that’s true of an astonishing 55 percent of the age group.† (Hymowitz 477). The way millennials are living there lives are different from other generations most because aren’t thinking about marriage or kids there more focused on there finical future. Millennials could be one of the first generations that will not achieve the same stander  of living that their parents did. Read more: Speech About Millennial Generation During this bad economy I believe the main thing crushing the millennial generation is the education system and student loans. The Institute for College Access & Success says that the average borrower from student loans owes about 27,000 dollars upon graduation. So when millennials graduate they already are in debt 27,000 dollars with interest rates. With the decrease in jobs millennials are graduating with this debt and no way to pay it back. â€Å"Research shows that young people who graduate from college in a dismal economy typically suffer long-term consequences, with effects on their careers and earnings which linger for about 15 years.†(Demirdjian). Some colleges are starting to be run like businesses, which is really destroying America’s education system. For-profit colleges like university of phoenix spend 20 to 25 percent on advertising and 10 to 20 percent on teaching. Which means their spending more money to try and get you to the college then, the service th ey are providing you. These for-profit schools attract millennials because of there flexible class schedule, online classes, and easy enrollment. But the debt load in student loans for for-profit colleges are nearly double the average debt, for-profit schools have graduation debts that about 32,000 dollars with interest rates. For-profit students are only 10% of are student population but they use 25% federal finical aid and they default 47% of student loans in America, which is from Senator Tom Harkin report. â€Å"The report finds that 62.9 percent of students who enrolled in an associate degree program at a for-profit college in the 2008-09 school year left before earning a degree, and that the median student lasted only four months.†(Haynes). They are killing the value of and education and millennials are paying the price. Millennials are going to suffer the worse from the economy. Millennials were told there hold life education was key to succeed and now it’s failing them. After gradation millennials are stuck dragging around these loans for years. Even if the economy does turn around to many millennials are already in debt over their heads. Millennials are going to have to work harder than ever to land good jobs but, I do see millennials succeeding later in their lives when the economy turns around because of the hard work ethic they are learning in there early adulthood years. Works Cited Hayes, Dianne. â€Å"The for-Profit Conundrum.† Diverse Issues in Higher Education 29.14 (2012): 10-1. Ethnic NewsWatch. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. Z, S. Demirdjian. â€Å"The Millennial Generation’s Mindset: Susceptibility to Economic Crisis.† The Business Review, Cambridge 19.2 (2012): 2,I,II. ABI/INFORM Complete. Web. 7 Nov. 2012. Hymowitz, Kay S. â€Å"Where Have the Good Men Gone.† Wall Street Journal (February 19, 2011): 477-81. Print.